ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant changes to business operations, particularly addressing human resources and their role within the firm. This study aims to assess the sustainability of human capital efficiency in the hotel industry, including the early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. In accordance with the value-based approach, the human capital efficiency (HCE) coefficient was calculated on a sample of 157 hotels in a five-year period, including the year in which the pandemic was declared. We employed a quantitative methodology based on the VAICTM method of assessing human capital efficiency and Annual Compounded Growth Rate (ACGR) to evaluate the trend of human capital efficiency. The research results showed a change in the trend of human capital efficiency in the hotel industry in 2020, as well as a change in the mean value of the HCE coefficient. Hotels with a higher category demonstrated a better ability to create value using human capital. The contribution of this work is represented in the quantification of the sustainability of human capital efficiency in the observed period and the early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the value-added efficiency of human capital in the hotel industry. © 2023 by the authors.
ABSTRACT
The pandemic caused by the Covid-19 virus significantly affected the consumers' behavior. The subject of the paper is to analyze the consumer characteristics, the consumer attitudes towards organic food products, as well as the changes in the consumer behavior. The research was performed in 2021 in the Republic of Serbia. The statistical software package SPSS has been utilized for data analysis. Our findings show that, in times of COVID-19 pandemic, the consumers have a very positive perception of nutritional values of organic food products with an expressed willingness to pay 20-30% more for the organic products, in regard to conventional products. The main reason for buying such products is less chemistry and child health. The main reason for insufficient consumption is the high price. The monthly income of irregular consumers of organic food products has predicted the willingness to pay, while the household size has predicted the assessment of the organic products nutritional properties.